Sprint 1: project skeleton, type system, and all architecture specs

- src/types.hpp: complete UCWM type system in C++20 — 19 enums, 11 facet
  data types, all core structs (CanonicalObject, Constraint, Facet,
  GateSignal, WorldState, etc.) with full JSON round-trip serialization
- src/main.cpp: smoke test — constructs apple-problem WorldState by hand,
  serializes to JSON
- tests/test_types.cpp: 19 tests, 123 assertions, all passing
- CMakeLists.txt: CMake + CPM build with nlohmann/json, spdlog, Catch2
- schemas/: JSON Schema contracts for all UCWM data types
- gates/, specialists/, resolver/, synthesis/: language-agnostic interface
  contracts and domain specs for all pipeline layers
- docs/: architecture, vocabulary, decision matrices, roadmap (6 phases,
  28 sprints), sprint_001, implementation_constraints

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

schemas/constraints.json

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+  "$id": "ucwm/schemas/constraints.json",
+  "title": "Constraint",
+  "description": "The core reasoning currency of UCWM. An explicit relation, restriction, incompatibility, requirement, or preference involving objects and/or facets.",
+  "type": "object",
+  "required": ["constraint_id", "constraint_type", "argument_refs", "polarity", "strength", "status", "source_module"],
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "properties": {
+    "constraint_id": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Unique identifier. Format: C{sequence} e.g. C1, C14"
+    },
+    "constraint_type": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Named relation type. Implementors should define allowed values per domain.",
+      "examples": [
+        "before",
+        "after",
+        "during",
+        "causes",
+        "enables",
+        "blocks",
+        "same_entity",
+        "not_same_entity",
+        "owns",
+        "transfers",
+        "inside",
+        "outside",
+        "adjacent",
+        "quantity_equals",
+        "quantity_sum",
+        "quantity_difference",
+        "quantity_product",
+        "quantity_greater",
+        "quantity_less",
+        "truth_value",
+        "implies",
+        "negates",
+        "contradicts",
+        "prerequisite",
+        "goal",
+        "has_role"
+      ]
+    },
+    "argument_refs": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": { "type": "string" },
+      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "Ordered list of object_ids or facet_ids this constraint relates. Order is significant for asymmetric relations."
+    },
+    "polarity": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "enum": ["positive", "negative"],
+      "description": "Whether this constraint asserts or denies the relation."
+    },
+    "strength": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "enum": ["hard", "soft", "probabilistic", "defeasible"],
+      "description": "hard=must hold; soft=preferred; probabilistic=holds with stated probability; defeasible=default, retractable by new evidence"
+    },
+    "probability": {
+      "type": "number",
+      "minimum": 0.0,
+      "maximum": 1.0,
+      "description": "Required when strength=probabilistic."
+    },
+    "status": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "enum": ["unresolved", "resolved", "contradicted", "suspended"],
+      "description": "Resolver lifecycle status.",
+      "default": "unresolved"
+    },
+    "expression": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Optional human-readable or formal logic expression of the constraint. Informational; not authoritative.",
+      "examples": [
+        "before(E1, E2)",
+        "quantity(Q1) = quantity(Q2) - 3",
+        "owner(O3) = Entity_Alice"
+      ]
+    },
+    "confidence": {
+      "type": "number",
+      "minimum": 0.0,
+      "maximum": 1.0,
+      "description": "Confidence that this constraint is correctly extracted."
+    },
+    "contradicted_by_refs": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": { "type": "string" },
+      "description": "constraint_ids that contradict this one. Populated by the resolver.",
+      "default": []
+    },
+    "supports_refs": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": { "type": "string" },
+      "description": "constraint_ids that reinforce this one.",
+      "default": []
+    },
+    "source_module": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specialist or module that emitted this constraint."
+    },
+    "provenance_refs": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": { "type": "string" },
+      "default": []
+    }
+  },
+  "examples": [
+    {
+      "constraint_id": "C1",
+      "constraint_type": "owns",
+      "argument_refs": ["E1", "O_apples", "Q1"],
+      "polarity": "positive",
+      "strength": "hard",
+      "status": "resolved",
+      "expression": "owns(Alice, apples, count=5) at t0",
+      "confidence": 0.98,
+      "source_module": "ownership_specialist",
+      "contradicted_by_refs": [],
+      "supports_refs": [],
+      "provenance_refs": ["P1"]
+    },
+    {
+      "constraint_id": "C2",
+      "constraint_type": "before",
+      "argument_refs": ["EV_initial_possession", "EV_transfer"],
+      "polarity": "positive",
+      "strength": "hard",
+      "status": "resolved",
+      "expression": "before(E_initial_possession, E_transfer)",
+      "confidence": 0.99,
+      "source_module": "temporal_specialist",
+      "contradicted_by_refs": [],
+      "supports_refs": [],
+      "provenance_refs": ["P2"]
+    },
+    {
+      "constraint_id": "C3",
+      "constraint_type": "quantity_difference",
+      "argument_refs": ["Q_alice_final", "Q1", "Q2"],
+      "polarity": "positive",
+      "strength": "hard",
+      "status": "resolved",
+      "expression": "quantity(Q_alice_final) = quantity(Q1) - quantity(Q2)",
+      "confidence": 0.99,
+      "source_module": "quantity_specialist",
+      "contradicted_by_refs": [],
+      "supports_refs": [],
+      "provenance_refs": ["P3"]
+    }
+  ]
+}